The Most Pressing Problem For The Prison System - 1571 Words

Question: The Most Pressing Problem for the Prison System is Overcrowding Introduction The prison service has to deal with many issues throughout the whole system, including young people in custody, racism in prison, drugs and drug use for examples. There are many more. This essay talks about overcrowding and its contributing factor in being one of the major challenges facing HM prisons. A number of other issues the prison service has to face overlap and are linked to overcrowding such as suicides and riots. In addition, overcrowding has many consequences and some of these are mentioned within this essay. After reading this you understand that overcrowding remains one of the biggest issues. Flynn (1998) argues that perhaps the biggest problem within the prison service is prison overcrowding. Also The Lord Woolf, Lord Chief Justice, describes overcrowding as a â€Å"cancer† at the heart of the prison system (Collins, 2010). Background There are a few explanations as to why prisons end up overcrowded, these include: †¢ The addition of criminal offences, legislations have stated that offenders can be sentenced for new crimes. †¢ Inmates also might have to return to prison after failing to complete their community service. †¢ Another cause to overcrowding is the use of tougher sentences †¢ and lastly, that offenders are receiving longer sentences for the crimes they have committed. Prisons in England and Wales have the highest levels of population in Western Europe. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Prison Overcrowding1395 Words   |  6 PagesCriminal Justice Overview Paper Introduction One the most pressing concerns facing the criminal justice system is prison overcrowding. To examine a nation’s soul, all one has to do is look inside of its prisons. Even though we have 5 percent of the world’s population we have 25 percent of the world’s prison population. The makeup of our prison population range from first time drug offenders to serial killers. Prisons serve a necessary function in society if used properly to keep the worst of theRead MoreProblems and Challenges Facing Probation1624 Words   |  7 PagesAn Overview of the Parole System and its Problems Overcrowding in both state and federal prisons has been a major problem facing the corrections system. There have been many ways to try and stop the overcrowding, but it is still a problem to this day. Parole is just one strategy that has helped with this problem. The first actual type of parole was introduced by Alexander Maconochie in 1840. It was a primitive system and the first actual syst em of parole was introduced in 1846 by Sir Walter CroftonRead MoreThe United States Faces Excessive Mass Incarceration1618 Words   |  7 Pageslargest prison population in the world and the second highest incarceration rate per-capita (1 in 100 citizens is behind bars). While you are certainly familiar with these statistics, I would like to emphasize that using incarceration as the primary response to social problems, as is happening today in the United States, impacts the incarcerated, their families and neighborhoods, as well as costing Maryland taxpayers millions of dollars annually. We must enact policies that downscale the prison populationRead MoreAlternatives For School And Prison Pipeline962 Words   |  4 PagesAlternatives to School-to-Prison Pipeline Changes to Viewing the System This problem in Americas school system does not have to continue this way. There are changes that can be made and policies that need to be changed in order to provide the proper access to education for all students. The Association of Mexican America Educators presents research done with educators of low-income Latino students and what they believe needs to be changed to provide well for students. The article shares four mainRead MoreThe New Jim Crow By Alexander1294 Words   |  6 Pageswe did within the past few months, I connected more with these two articles: The case of reparations by Coates and Race, Wealth, and Equality by Oliver. Throughout the articles, we understand the struggle that black communities face because of the system that’s built to prevent them to succeed in life. As an African American in today’s society it has been difficult to find opportunities in life because of the injustice and discrimination that the particular community is experiencing. H owever, I willRead MoreSurvival Is The Key Struggle1295 Words   |  6 Pagesinflicted upon prisoners are the hard realities of the system. For the prisoners of Shawshank, life is often bleak and violent. However, the will to survive is what keeps the characters motivated to retain their humanity and challenge the institutionalization of Shawshank. In particular, the film’s main protagonists, Andy Dufresne and Ellis â€Å"Red† Redding, exemplify the struggle for survival in the face of a corrupt, frightening, and oppressive prison system. In order to survive the harsh realities of theRead MoreGlobal Influx Of Immigrants During The United States1074 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal Influx of Immigrants In Texas June 5, 2015, A Salvadoran, Mauricio Hernandez, was sentenced to 50 years in prison and faces deportation after his term for raping his own baby (Immigration Issues 2015, Par. 3). Three illegal Immigrants, Uriel Ramirez-Perez, Darwin Zuniga-Rocha, and Eliseo Mateo Perez, were sentenced to time served in jail and deportation after prison term for first-degree sexual abuse (Immigration Issues 2015, Par.10). What do these two incidence have in common; they wereRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency in the United States1585 Words   |  6 Pagestheir likelihood to recommit. Punishment for juvenile offenders is usually a state issue rather than a federal one. This is a problem because it means that crimes are not universally punished nor are they punished by the same means and with the same severity. As the country grows and the population numbers increase, juvenile criminality becomes more pressing of a problem. Communities need to reevaluate the current youthful crime programs that th ey have and try to reform the minor members of theirRead MoreRacism in America Continues733 Words   |  3 Pagesbeen called the catalyst of Black progressive movements, and a lot has changed since then, but not enough. Racism has not disappeared, it simply has evolved. The problem is that we see racism a conscious hate, like the preaching’s of The Ku Klux Klan, Aryans, Skinheads, Neo Nazis, and many more, but it’s much more than that. Racism is a system of many different and intricate parts that were put together generations ago in favor of whites at others expenses. And the effects of this social order show noRead MorePrisoners Rights in International Law1509 Words   |  7 PagesDating as far back as 400 B.C., prisons have held a variety of meanings and served a wide array of functions, but in its fundamental use, prisons are intended to supplement the rise of a state as a form of social organization (Roberts). The most common use of prisons is as a supplement to a state’s justice system, in which individuals found guilty and convicted of crimes are sent for a set period of incarceration (Roberts). Outside of punishing civil crimes, prisons have been used by numerous regimes

Ecological Restoration At This Site Essay - 1546 Words

Late stage shrubsThis site is located on Gunn Road on the outskirts of Matamata, Waikato. A tributary of the Waitoa River flows through the middle of the site. The majority of the site has wet soils, and in winter some areas can be prone to flooding, particularly nearer to the stream. Regardless the ground tends to be boggy, particularly in winter. Consequently, this was historically conifer forest or swaps (Waikato Regional Council, n.d.-b). Currently, willow, grass and blackberry dominate the majority of the site, with some existing flax plants in the wetter areas. For the most part the stream is fenced and surrounded by a dairy farm, however often cows still get near the waterway, due to weak fences. It is clear that this is a degraded site, with little indigenous flora or fauna. Consequently, there is a need for ecological restoration at this site. Ecological restoration is the process of managing a site to return it to its historic state in turns of ecosystem health and sustaina bility. The general aim for this restoration is to eventually restore eight hectares of land adjacent to tributaries to the Waitoa River to native forest, with the intention for future restoration projects to continue along the Waitoa River to develop further riparian zones and forest patches. This will aid biodiversity across the wider Waikato Region and also improve landscape amenity. A positive impact on water quality is also anticipated, which will in turn improve recreation values for foodShow MoreRelatedEcological Restoration Essay950 Words   |  4 PagesThere have been many ongoing debates over the definition of ecological restoration. While there are still many definitions that people use to define this term, ecological restoration is generally defined as â€Å"the process of returning, as nearly as possible, a biotic community to a condition of biological integrity† (Callicott, 577). This term, however, means different things to different people. It not only encompasses the environmental aspects, but the cultural, social, historical, political aspectsRead MoreCoral Reefs And Coral Reef1180 Words   |  5 Pagesassociated with the loss of architectural complexity of coral habitats. The loss of this coral reef complication drives the decline in diversity and species richness. The widespread mortality of corals also increases the chance of net reef erosion. These impacts are expected to amplify calcium carbonate dissolution with negative consequences for the entire reef framework (Lirman, 2016). During the past decade, worldwide restoration operations have played a key role in reef rehabilitation. Due to coral reefRead MoreAfter a fun and insightful experience from the previous volunteer work, I decided to look for1000 Words   |  4 Pagesopportunity to help the restoration of our ecology. Since I enjoy visiting parks around Seattle area during my leisure time, I participated another volunteer work available at Crestwoods Park in Kirkland. Green Kirk land Partnership and UW Restoration Ecology Network hosted this volunteer work on Martin Luther King’s day, January 20, 2014. In this volunteer work, volunteers were to remove invasive vegetation and spread mulch around the area that had been cleared. Since this is my first time volunteeringRead MoreEnvironmental Planning And Restoration Section1179 Words   |  5 Pages 2015 CRPLAN 6410 Paper 2 – Environmental Planning Restoration The environmental planning and restoration section in the Wheeler and Beatley (2014) book incorporates elements of sustainable development, and includes readings on biophilic cities, environmental restoration, and landscape ecological urbanism. Sustainability is the equitable and appropriate use of present resources to ensure a resilient future of interconnected systems. This conception of sustainability will be connected to theRead MoreEssay On Mountains To Sound Greenway853 Words   |  4 Pagesthe peak of the Cascades and then out to Central Washington’s beautiful pine forests and fields. This landscape provides places for outdoor recreation, education, to explore nature and wildlife, for working forests and local agricultural production, all while embracing vibrant urban areas with strong economies. The organization’s main goal is to lead and inspire action towards conserving and enhancing  this landscape. Thus, ensuring a long-term balance between people and nature with the mindset thatRead MoreConservation banking was modeled after the U.S. wetland mitigation banking system and the two900 Words   |  4 Pagessystem, conservation offsets do not have a stated ‘no net loss’ goal, but instead have a species recovery goal. Both conservation and wetlands mitigation banks are privately or publicly owned lands which are protected and managed for its ecological value. By doing this, the bank sponsor generates habitat or wetland or stream credits to sell to developers or transportation departments who need to offset their impacts and comply with the legal requirements for the permitting of development or roadway projectsRead MoreTax Base Miami - Mla Essay972 Words   |  4 Pagesfor the most part they are not aware of it. Due to high population, Miami is the fourth largest city to become affected by sea level rise. (Ankum et al.) In the next 32-50 years, sea level is expected to rise by as much as two feet. (Ankum et al.) This tw o-foot rise will have detrimental effects on the urban settings of Miami. The amount of soil erosion that is undergoing at our beaches will greatly increase if a two-foot rise occurs. At a four-foot rise, road connectivity would begin to become affectedRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Environment815 Words   |  4 Pagesliving in Miami are in the face of danger! Due to its high population, Miami is the fourth largest city to become affected by sea level rise. (Ankum et al.) In the next 32-50 years, sea level is expected to rise by as much as two feet. (Ankum et al.) This two-foot rise will have detrimental effects on the urban settings of Miami. The amount of soil erosion that is undergoing at our beaches will greatly increase if a two-foot rise occurs. At a four-foot rise, road connectivity would begin to become affectedRead MoreThe Field Trip Report : Translocation Of Native Birds Essay2380 Words   |  10 PagesWenderholm Field Trip Report Abstract Translocation of native birds to offshore islands has been a part of ecological restoration in New Zealand and has started since 1890’s. This translocation to mainland islands was started by the Department of Conservation in the year 1995. Wenderholm Regional Park has an area of 60 hectares maintained for ecological restoration. The area has been fenced to prevent the entry of livestock and the pasture land is reforested. The ecology of the park was restoredRead MoreEssay On Creek Restoration Goals734 Words   |  3 PagesAssist with Creek Restoration Goals My involvement and support in implementing and maintaining creek restoration projects has been an extremely rewarding focus and exposure during my internship. The City’s most active creek restoration site is Lower Colgan Creek Phase 1, which Sean McNeil had taught me to care for by leading public events, monitoring vegetation succession, and preforming on-site watering and maintenance. During the summer of 2017, I served as the lead for operating our water trailer

Project Strategies and Evaluation Methods †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Project Strategies and Evaluation Methods. Answer: Introduction: An Australian Construction Company PHL is planning to implement a project which will help in providing online customer support to the customers attached with the company. Company believes in investing in multi tiered approach which could help it in attracting and capturing interest of the customers and obtaining effective amount of market share. Such type of activities helps the companies like PHL in attaining competitive advantage and helps in ensuring that it could sustain in the competitive market in which it is working. The project of PHL is to redesign a Website which can help in ensuring that the company could avail 24X7 customer support and all the queries of its customers could get resolved. Hence, the report is developed in which the guidelines of how PHL can manage the project will be provided. This project is developed to evaluate various factors which will be included in the actual project. Such type of activity helps the project management team in executing the project in a right way. All the aspects which are related with the project of PHL are taken into consideration so that the website could be developed in a proper as well as effective way. This project will help PHL in developing its website and attracting more people towards the same. As PHL is working to design a website which will provide online support system to its customer, it has become important that it should focus upon certain set of aspects which could help the company in providing better services and support (Lai, 2014). Every project requires proper planning before moving to the next level. To ensure that the project could be successfully formulated a milestone for the project will be developed. Milestone of the project will help in gaining the information that how much time is required to complete each activity and which activity should be started at what time. Such type of activities helps in ensuring that the project on which the company is willing to work should get completed within the deadlines set by the project management team. Each and every task should be performed within the stated deadline (Marvaldi Pani, 2016). Pricing will also be focused upon in this project which will help in ensuring that the website could get completed within the budget prepared. After evaluating the pricing of the project and developing the budget process, project closure will be developed and checklist will be prepared. This checklist will help in ensuring that all the requirements of project are fulfilled in an effective way (Yung Tang Lin, 2015). Schedule/Milestone is an important part of every project. It is necessary for a project management team to provide a milestone for each and every task of the project. Such type of activity helps the team member in evaluating the time they have to invest in completion of that particular task (Rozenes Kukliansky, 2013). Estimating the time that is required to be invested in each and every activity will help in completing the project with quality and will help in ensuring that the project could get completed within the deadlines and budget decided by the company. Task Start Date Finish Date Release statement of work 4 Sept 2017 4 Sept 2017 Contractor selection review process 10 Sept 2017 25 Sept 2017 Project Initiation 26 Sept 2017 2 Oct 2017 Project Planning 3 Oct 2017 3 Oct 2017 Developing Project Charter 4 Oct 2017 5 Oct 2017 Organize Kick off Meetings 6 Oct 2017 6 Oct 2017 Evaluating Project Requirements 7 Oct 2017 20 Oct 2017 Gathering Information 7 Oct 2017 10 Oct 2017 Documentation 10 Oct 2017 15 Oct 2017 Recording Risk Factors 15 Oct 2017 20 Oct 2017 Estimating Cost/ Budgeting 16 Oct 2017 20 Oct 2017 Reviewing Technicalities 21 Oct 2017 15 Nov 2017 Documenting Technicalities 21 Oct 2017 26 Oct 2017 Dividing Tasks 27 Oct 2017 30 Oct 2017 Scheduling 30 Oct 2017 3 Nov 2017 Web Designing Plan 3 Nov 2017 8 Nov 2017 Understanding Modules 8 Nov 2017 13 Nov 2017 Purchasing Required software 13 Nov 2017 15 Nov 2017 Web Designing 16 Nov 2017 30 Nov 2017 Module Preparation 16 Nov 2017 20 Nov 2017 Testing 20 Nov 2017 25 Nov 2017 Removing Bugs 25 Nov 2017 30 Nov 2017 Project Implementation 30 Nov 2017 4 Dec 2017 Project Closure Planning 4 Dec 2017 11 Dec 2017 Training PHL Personnel 11 Dec 2017 11 Dec 2017 Reviewing Completed Project 11 Dec 2017 19 Dec 2017 Cross Checking project Requirements by Checklist 11 Dec 2017 15 Dec 2017 Filling Gaps 15 Dec 2017 19 Dec 2017 Closing Project 24 Dec 2017 24 Dec 2017 Above is the project plan which helps in understanding that why it is necessary to develop a milestone for a project. The milestone developed will help in ensuring that the project should get completed within the budget and the deadline decided so as to complete the same. In this section budget will be developed which will help the project management team in estimating the expenses which will incur in the project. This will help in reducing unnecessary expenses and completing the project within the budget. Project Phase Price ($) Cost Structure Planning phase 25,000 Fixed Fee Definition and Design 150,000 Fixed Fee Implementation 50,000 Fixed Fee Conversion 25,000 Fixed Fee Total Estimated Budget 200,000 Fixed. It is necessary that the project should get completed within the budget provided by PHL to the contractor as company will not bear any other expense other than the budget prepared (John, 2016). The Chief Marketing Officer (CMO) of PHL, Sennveasna Naveen has developed certain acceptance criteria which are necessary to be accepted by the contractor. For the project it is very important that both the party project provider and contractor should make the acceptance on the term and conditions of the project (Rozenes Kukliansky, 2013). This will help in initiating the project and completing the same in an effective and efficient way. The acceptance criteria were: Project should get completed within the planned date and time Initiation of each and every task should be done on the date decided by the company Division of work should be done equally among the team members No extra money will be provided; project should be completed within the budget decided by the company (Wells, 2012) The website should have a logo of the company PHL These were some of the acceptance criteria set by Chief Marketing Officer PHL. References Gunawan, I. (2015). Analysis of education and practical relevance of project management topics in New Zealand.International Journal Of Project Organisation And Management,Vol. 7(2), pp. 174 John, P. (2016). Critical Evaluation of Prince2 and Agile Project Management Methodologies for a complex project.International Journal Of Engineering And Computer Science, Vol. 2(1), pp.182-189. Lai, S. (2014). A WBS-Based Plan Changeability Measurement Model for Reducing Software Project Change Risk.Lecture Notes On Software Engineering, pp. 94-99. Marvaldi, R., Pani, E. (2016). Project Strategies and Evaluation Methods for Contemporary Social Housing.The Plan Journal, Vol.1(1), Pp. 129-130. Rozenes, S. and Kukliansky, I. (2013). An Embedded Approach for Project Management Learning Process.International Journal of Information Technology Project Management, Vol. 4(3), pp.38-49. Sato, T., Hirao, M. (2013). Optimum budget allocation method for projects with critical risks.International Journal Of Project Management,Vol. 31(1), pp. 126-135. Wells, H. (2012). How Effective Are Project Management Methodologies? An Explorative Evaluation of Their Benefits in Practice.Project Management Journal, Vol. 43(6), pp.43-58. Yung, C., Tang Lin, Y. (2015). Implementing TOAST, a Tool for Agile Software Project Management in Cloud Computing Environments.Journal Of Software,Vol. 10(11), pp. 1310-1318.

Nature and nurture on development Essay Essay Example

Nature and nurture on development Essay Essay In the survey of development. nature refers to the inherited ( familial ) features and inclinations that influence development. Some familial features appear in virtually everyone. For case. about all kids have the capacity to larn to walk. understand linguistic communication. imitate others. utilize simple tools. and draw illations about how other people view the universe. Thus all kids have a set of cosmopolitan human cistrons that. when coupled with a sensible environment. allow them to develop as moderately capable members of the human species. Other sorts of cistrons create differences among people. Children’s stature. oculus colour. and facial visual aspect are mostly determined by cistrons. Children’s temperament—their characteristic ways of reacting to emotional events. fresh stimulation. and their ain impulses—seems to be in portion affected by their single familial make-up ( Rothbart. Ahadi. A ; Evans. 2000 ; D. C. Rowe. Almeida. A ; Jacobson. 1999 ) . Similarly. being slow or speedy to larn from direction and mundane experiences has some familial footing ( Petrill A ; Wilkerson. 2000 ; Plomin. 1989 ) . Inherited features and inclinations are non ever apparent at birth. We will write a custom essay sample on Nature and nurture on development Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Nature and nurture on development Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Nature and nurture on development Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Many physical characteristics emerge bit by bit through the procedure of ripening. the genetically guided alterations that occur over the class of development. Environmental support. such as nutrient. moderately safe and toxin-free milieus. and antiphonal attention from others. is necessary for ripening to take topographic point ; nature neer works entirely. Thus nature’s spouse is nurture. the environmental conditions that influence development. Children’s experiences in the environment affect all facets of their being. from the wellness of their organic structures to the wonder of their heads. Raising affects children’s development through multiple channels: physically through nutrition. activity. and emphasis ; intellectually through informal experiences and formal direction ; and socially through grownup function theoretical accounts and peer relationships. With good environmental support. kids thrive. Unfortunately. the conditions of raising are non ever fostering. For illustration. kids who grow up in an opprobrious household must look outside the household for stable. fond attention. Historically. many theoreticians saw nature and raising as separate and rival factors. Some theoreticians believed that biological factors are finally responsible for growing. Other theoreticians assumed that kids become whatever the environment shapes them to be. Increasingly. developmental theoreticians have come to recognize that nature and raising are both of import and that they intermesh dynamically in the lives of kids. See these rules of how nature and nurture exert separate and combined effects: The comparative effects of heredity and environment vary for different countries of development. Some abilities are strongly influenced by genetically controlled systems in the encephalon. For illustration. the ability to separate among speech sounds develops without developing and under a broad scope of environmental conditions ( Flavell. 1994 ; Gallistel. Brown. Carey. Gelman. A ; Keil. 1991 ) . In contrast. abilities in traditional school capable countries ( e. g. . reading. geographics ) and advanced artistic and physical accomplishments ( e. g. . playing the piano. playing competitory association football ) rest to a great extent on direction and pattern ( Gardner. Torff. A ; Hatch. 1996 ; Olson. 1994 ; R. Watson. 1996 ) . Inherited inclinations make kids more or less antiphonal to peculiar environmental influences. Because of their familial make-up. some kids are easy affected by certain conditions in the environment. whereas others are less affected ( Rutter. 1997 ) . For illustration. kids who are. by nature. inhibited may be rather diffident around other people if they have few societal contacts. If their parents and instructors encourage them to do friends. nevertheless. they may go more socially surpassing ( Arcus. 1991 ; J. Kagan. 1998 ) . In contrast. kids who have more extrospective dispositions may be sociable regardless of the environment in which they grow up: They will persistently seek for equals with whom they can speak. laugh. and spend clip. Environment may play a greater function in development when environmental conditions are utmost instead than chair. When childs have experiences typical for their civilization and age-group. heredity frequently plays a strong function in their single features. Therefore. when kids grow up with equal nutrition. a warm and stable place environment. and appropriate educational experiences. heredity affects how rapidly and exhaustively they get new accomplishments. But when they have experiences that are rather unusual—for case. when they experience utmost deprivation—the influence of environment outweighs that of heredity ( D. C. Rowe. Almeida. A ; Jacobson. 1999 ) . For illustration. when kids grow up deprived of equal nutrition and stimulation. they may neglect to develop advanced rational accomplishments. even though they had the possible for such development when they were born ( Plomin A ; Petrill. 1997 ; D. C. Rowe. Jacobson. A ; Van lair Oord. 1999 ) . Similarly. when malnourished. kids tend to stay short in stature regardless of their familial potency to be tall ( J. S. Kagan. 1969 ) . Timing of environmental exposure affairs. When kids are altering quickly in any country. they are particularly prone to act upon by the environment. For illustration. early in a mother’s gestation. her usage of certain drugs may damage the rapidly turning variety meats and limbs of the developing foetus. Merely prior to birth. exposure to the same drugs may adversely impact the baby’s encephalon. which at that point is organizing the connexions that will allow endurance and the ability to larn in the outside universe. In a few instances environmental stimulation must happen during a peculiar period for an emerging ability to go functional ( Blakemore. 1976 ; Hubel A ; Wiesel. 1965 ) . In such instances there is a critical period for stimulation. For illustration. at birth. certain countries of the encephalon are tentatively reserved for treating ocular patterns—lines. forms. contours. deepness. and so forth. In virtually all instances. babies do encounter adequate stimulation to continue these encephalon circuits. However. when cataracts are present at birth and non removed for a few old ages. a child’s vision is obstructed. and countries of the encephalon that otherwise would be devoted to vision lose some of this capacity ( Bruer. 1999 ) . In many and likely most other developmental countries. nevertheless. kids may be most receptive to a certain type of stimulation at one point in their lives but be able to profit from it to some grade subsequently every bit good. Tonya. in the introductory instance survey. may hold encountered merely limited exposure to linguistic communication as a consequence of her mother’s weakened status. Immersed subsequently in a rich verbal environment. Tonya would hold a 2nd opportunity to spread out her verbal endowments. Thus educational experiences at a ulterior clip can frequently do up for experiences missed at an earlier period ( Bruer. 1999 ) . Many theoreticians use the term sensitive period ( instead than critical period ) when mentioning to such a long clip frame of heightened sensitiveness to peculiar environmental experiences. Children’s natural inclinations affect their environment. In add-on to being affected by nature and raising. children’s ain behaviours influence their growing. Childs make many picks. seek out information. and. over clip. polish their thoughts ( Flavell. 1994 ; Piaget. 1985 ) . For illustration. kids frequently request information ( â€Å"What cooperate mean. Mommy? † ) and experiences ( â€Å"Uncle Kevin. can I play on your computing machine? † ) . Children even help make environments that exacerbate their familial inclinations. For illustration. kids with cranky temperaments might pick battles and provoke others to flog back at them. making a more aggressive clime in which to turn. As kids get older. they become progressively able to seek stimulation that suits their inclinations. For illustration. conceive of that Marissa has an familial endowment for verbal skills—learning vocabulary. groking narratives. and so on. As a babe. she relies on her parents to speak to her. As a yearling. she asks her parents for peculiar sorts of stimulation ( â€Å"Read book. Daddy! † ) . In simple school she reads to herself from books supplied by her instructors. As a adolescent. she takes the coach to the library and selects her ain books. Marissa’s experience would propose that familial inclinations become more powerful as kids grow older—an outlook that is in fact consistent with familial research ( Scarr A ; McCartney. 1983 ) .

Ban on Tobacco Essays

Ban on Tobacco Essays Ban on Tobacco Essay Ban on Tobacco Essay Essay Topic: Equus Ban on Tobacco Ads by the Government of India: Introduction On Feb 6, 2001 Government of India (GOI) dropped a bombshell on the tobacco Industry when it announced that it would shortly table a bill banning Tobacco Companies from advertising their products and sponsoring sports and cultural events. The objective of such a ban was to discourage adolescents from consuming tobacco products and also arm the Government with powers to launch an anti-Tobacco Program. This decision seemed to have sparked an intense debate, not just over the ethical aspects of Governments moral policing but also over the achievability of the objective itself. Reacting strongly against the proposed ban, Suhel Seth, CEO, Equus Advertising said, The ban does not have teeth. It is a typical knee-jerk reaction by any Government to create some kind of popularity for itself. The Legislation has not been thought thorough. In its reaction to the GOIs decision, ITC Ltd1. announced that it would voluntarily withdraw from all of the sponsorship events, irrespective of the legal position on the subject. In a statement it said, ITC believes that this action on its part will create the right climate for a constructive dialogue that will help develop appropriate content, rules regulations to make the intended legislation equitable and implementable. The complexity of the issue was that, the issue involved the tussle between the ethical and commercial considerations. On the one hand, was tobacco, the most dangerous consumer product known, which killed when used as the makers intended. Therefore from an ethical standpoint, the Government had to discourage the habit, as it was responsible for the welfare of its citizens. On the other hand, the tobacco Industry was a major contributor to the State Exchequer (In the Year 2000-01 it contributed about Rs. 8000 crores in excise revenue) which was extremely important, given the financial crunch which it faced. In the light of the above statements, what approach should the government choose-the ethical or commercial and is it proper for government to interfere in matters of personal choice in the first place? To make the matter more complex, there was the question- was the objective achievable at all and was it equitable? The answers to these questions lay in understanding the viewpoints of both sides-those in favour and those against such bans. The Ayes The ban was not unusual keeping in view the international precedents. Countries like France, Finland, and Norway had already imposed similar bans. Advocates of free choice opposed to these bans, saying these amounted to unwarranted intrusion by the state in the private lives of its citizens. But, others pointed out that the state had the right to intervene in the overall interest of the citizens. They cited the example of drugs like cocaine, which was, banned the world over. In 1981, the Supreme Court (of Appeal) in Belgium gave its ruling that a ban on tobacco advertising was not unconstitutional. In 1991 the French Constitutional Council declared that the French ban on advertising tobacco products was not unconstitutional as it was based on the need to protect public health and did not curtail the freedom of trade. There were many precedents of restrictions being imposed on the advertising of dangerous or potentially dangerous products even if these products remained in the market (e. g. firearms, pharmaceutical Products).

Free Essays on Emerging Counselor

Midterm Review chapters 2, 3, & 5 â€Å"Emerging Counselor† CHAPTER 1 A quality counselor education program Program accreditation Professional organizations often set up accrediting agencies to promote, evaluate, and recognize institutions and programs that meet professionally recognized criteria. Accreditation provides programs with advantages: -Clients will have confidence that counselor was trained -Providing most modern training -Seek university support-adequate levels of support (faculty-student ratios) -Higher quality of faculty and students look for accreditation -Allows grad students to receive a license or cert with fewer hassles -Accreditation standards correlate to what grad programs teach so exams for licensure is easy Strong accreditation bodies-Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs and Council on Rehabilitation Education. Ohio University -CCOAS (Community Counseling), SC (School Counseling), and CE: PhD (Counselor Education) CORE CONTENTS AREAS Human Development and growth- how people develop, and the e impact of this on human functioning. Strong emphasis on behaviors and transitions across the full life span. Why people are the way they are at different life stages. Cultural and social foundations- the environment surrounding people referred to as social and cultural foundations has major impact...we live in a multicultural world. This area also helps broaden your understanding of multicultural life Helping relationship Skills and Group Work Skills- must develop relationship skills to be a counselor but this takes it a step further... need to learn how to work these skills in-groups. Activities for example will help- role playing, perform leadership functions, and evaluate group progress as a whole. Presently there is an awful a lot of debate about this field of work (group practice will work but must understand the relationships while do... Free Essays on Emerging Counselor Free Essays on Emerging Counselor Midterm Review chapters 2, 3, & 5 â€Å"Emerging Counselor† CHAPTER 1 A quality counselor education program Program accreditation Professional organizations often set up accrediting agencies to promote, evaluate, and recognize institutions and programs that meet professionally recognized criteria. Accreditation provides programs with advantages: -Clients will have confidence that counselor was trained -Providing most modern training -Seek university support-adequate levels of support (faculty-student ratios) -Higher quality of faculty and students look for accreditation -Allows grad students to receive a license or cert with fewer hassles -Accreditation standards correlate to what grad programs teach so exams for licensure is easy Strong accreditation bodies-Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs and Council on Rehabilitation Education. Ohio University -CCOAS (Community Counseling), SC (School Counseling), and CE: PhD (Counselor Education) CORE CONTENTS AREAS Human Development and growth- how people develop, and the e impact of this on human functioning. Strong emphasis on behaviors and transitions across the full life span. Why people are the way they are at different life stages. Cultural and social foundations- the environment surrounding people referred to as social and cultural foundations has major impact...we live in a multicultural world. This area also helps broaden your understanding of multicultural life Helping relationship Skills and Group Work Skills- must develop relationship skills to be a counselor but this takes it a step further... need to learn how to work these skills in-groups. Activities for example will help- role playing, perform leadership functions, and evaluate group progress as a whole. Presently there is an awful a lot of debate about this field of work (group practice will work but must understand the relationships while do...

Scapegoat Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Scapegoat - Assignment Example He was a man of great radical contradictions who was very reckless yet cautious, cautious but was very uncivil, tender though was very ferocious. He encounters the death of his father with consuming outrage and righteous indignation but does not even show compunction yet he is fully responsible for the meddling death of his father. The authoritarian personality of the Hamlet did not give him an opportunity to have an insight of his shortcomings and even the projection of his weaknesses and faults which most likely represents very important aspects of scapegoating. "We must undertake a life-changing steps, eye opening and spirit-raising odyssey against any kind of intolerance and misunderstanding making us to see and understand these characters in our lives as people learn to record their thoughts and even the feelings in the diaries and eventually to dub themselves the freedom world in homage to the civil rights activists", said Hamlet. Grit is the best indicator or predictor of any success in the life of any person especially when it comes to goals that are set to achieve out of conscious deeds of a person. In some cases, grit proves to be a better indicator of personal success than the IQ. The best idea that one can learn from the building grits in the children is growth mindset that comes with a belief that ability of someone to learn is not fixed and that it can change with the amount of effort that is put. When children read and learn about the brain and how it changes and even grow in response to any challenge then they are most likely to persevere when they encounter failure because they will live to believe that failure is not a permanent condition. The story goes on with a discussion of some common cinematic concept of scapegoats where Hamlet demonstrates a lot of many rebellious characters that were allocated to the victim process in the days of the Hollywood

The role of the internet in the formation of popular culture Essay

The role of the internet in the formation of popular culture - Essay Example 11). The Internet is an excellent technology, however not since it is able to be synchronized. Similar to something else, strategies are expressed as well as applied on the Internet. The factual potency of the web is that, like an organization, it reveals distinctiveness of strategy configuration that demands to ones intelligence of independence. This is not exclusively for the causes that of maxim similar to "The Net understands restriction since harm as well as methods approximately it," or else "No one be acquainted with we are a trouble on the Internet." Complimentary dialogues as well as isolation are creditable uniqueness of the premature Internet; though they are neither unlimited nor definite eternally additional. Actually, systems of recognizing oneself and scheming content should be practical and enveloping. In its place, what formulate the Internet a "positive aspect" is its anarchical uniqueness of strategy development, like that devolution, agreement, and honesty that ac tual world community arrangement has struggled by means of additional accomplishment than others (Reagle, 2009). The Internet is on the way to change our lives. Internet has reached at such stage that it has total transformed our lives (for instance banking, communication as well as shopping everything is using Internet). However a lot of researchers have assessed that Internet has established some critical influences on our lives and the nature of our society has completely transformed. Now we are living in a more internally connected society. Postmodernist hypothesis should be stridently illustrious from postmodern society. Now we can see lot of information around us and the Internet is the only source that has engaged all the information and provided us in simpler form. At the present, our community has turned out to be an information based community. Internet has completely transformed all the areas of life and presented a new form of knowledge that comprise all

Prenatal Dangers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Prenatal Dangers - Essay Example 2448). The study was conducted by doctors at an urban teaching hospital and the research subjects included three hundred and seventy-six pre-school children. Of these children, one hundred and ninety experienced fetal brain exposures to cocaine and one hundred and eight-six did not experience such exposure. The main testing standards were related to intellectual quotient measurements; more specifically, the study employed the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scales of Intelligence-Revised measurements for determinations of outcomes. The findings were rather interesting. As an initial matter, this study was pursued because of inconsistent results regarding the longer-term consequences of prenatal cocaine exposure. The findings in this case, dealing only with the effects noticed in a child's initial four-year lifespan, were seemingly mild in certain ways. In many respects, the study found that fetal brain exposure to cocaine did not cause a lower full-scale intelligence quotient, did not cause lower scores or verbal performance generally, and did not cause any significant differences in performance. On the other hand, there were some findings which suggested that the potential dangers of prenatal drug exposure, in this case cocaine, were real.

Childrens Stories Of The Nineteenth Century English Literature Essay

Childrens Stories Of The Nineteenth Century English Literature Essay memorable adventures that remain popular today. Children continue to feel the heartaches of heroines such as Jo March in Louisa May Alcotts Little Women -which has never gone out of print, (Watson, 2009, p13) and eagerly turn the pages of Robert Louis Stevensons colonialist Treasure Island to read about Jims adventures and bravery. Yet these seemingly fun-filled Bildungsroman stories are reliant upon a value-system delineated by patriarchal constructions of gendered social roles of the late nineteenth century in which they were written. Both novels overtly indicate that in order to achieve personal value or capital (and thus maturity), the boy and girls of these stories are expected to succumb to the social expectations defined by their respective genders, ultimately replacing their juvenile freedom with responsibility and obligation. Consequently, for the purpose of this essay, fatherhood has been interpreted as influential masculine authority that invests both guidance and support in achieving this maturity. These depictions will be compared and contrasted in an attempt to argue that despite absent fathers, seemingly opposite contexts, perspectives and heavily gendered ideals, these novels both depict fatherhoods that challenge the gendered assumptions and values underpinning the imperial beliefs and identities .. of this period (Montgomery, 2009,p108.) Whilst seek(ing) to empower young readers to become active agents of future change'(Sambell, Reader 2, p.386) by challenging the apparent flight from domesticity (Tosh, 1999,p4)of the time. Little Women and Treasure Island stand at the threshold of changing notions about childhood (and consequent changes in childrens literature), between more didactic literature from earlier in the century, and the more purely amusing literature written later. Little Women, focusing on four sisters in a middle-class New England domestic setting, gives particular insight into the changing position of fatherhood to girls and women in American Civil War society, whilst Treasure Island forefronts an imperial masculine identity aimed towards British boys in the height of colonial expansion (Montgomery, 2009,p74). These differing contexts are crucial to consider as they serve as a frame by which the child, and (importantly) parent, reader would interpret the authors messages and ideals of fatherhood, and ultimately contributed to their success. The comparison of the depictions of fatherhood will begin by analysing Alcotts portrayal of key father-figures within Little Women, followed by a comp arative study of fatherhood issues addressed in Treasure island. The March family, with their initially absent father, portrays a female-dominated domestic world in which men, including Laurie, Mr. Lawrence, publishers, suitors, and even Mr. March, play second fiddle. However, the patriarchal society of the time dictate that, just as Jim Hawkins journey towards accruing capital must be initiated by an investment of masculine capital, the lessons of domestic virtue within Little Women are always framed within the context of physically or ethereally present father-figures. Mr. Marchs letter sparks his daughters journeys toward virtue in the novel and he is credited as the guiding source of Marmees goodness as well as providing the time frame for the first half of the book. When Jo questions her mother on how she learned to control her emotions, she turns to the example Mr. March set before her. She claims; He never loses patience, never doubts or complains, but always hopes, and works and waits so cheerfully that one is ashamed to do otherwise before him. He helped and comforted me, and showed me that I must try to practice all the virtues I would have my little girls possess, for I was their example. (p76) Through Alcotts use of heterodiegetic   narrative the reader is shown how each of her daughters strive to become the selfless, loving woman that Marmee represents, and by making Mr March the source of her goodness, Alcott attributes all moral authority and value to him. Alcott, through Mr March, constructed the home and Marmee herself, so that even when he is gone she remains behind, reinforcing the values of the patriarchal domestic authority her husband instilled within her. Alcott states (perhaps a little too earnestly) that despite the clear image of the five energetic women [who] seemed to rule the house (p229) he remains head of the family (p230) and the underlying source of social value and authority in the March family. These (frequent) explicit assertions of need for masculine validation and portrayal of domesticated manliness however, are in complete contrast to the image Alcott uses of his return as an invalid (p168)muffled up to the eyes'(p164). This broken man leaning on his wifes arm (Fetterley, p26), consigned to the library for the majority of the story, seemingly contradicts the very patriarchal assertions that Alcott loudly professes throughout. Similarly, as Fetterley asserts, Mr Marchs illness is consigned to the distant background and only vaguely referred to (ibid) instead hinting at a new form of patriarchal role-model; one that plays second fiddle to God and Mother (p181). Alcotts use of Intertextuality in the thematic elements of Pilgrims Progress woven throughout the plot reaffirm her religious ideologies and highlight the novels links to more didactic nature. Christian becomes a masculine authority of piety and perseverance to whom the March girls look for guidance and strength . Similarly, the March girls are repeatedly instructed to call upon their Heavenly Father to help them bear their burdens. The girls therefore have three ethereal masculine figures of moral authority steering them as they learn to fulfil their gendered roles: their father (in his absence), God, and Christian. When the girls need the physical presence of a man, they have Laurie: The girls describe Laurie as a remarkable boy (p278) whom they use as a standard to measure both other young men and their own behaviour; Angry Jos ill temper is highlighted when even good-natured Laurie had a quarrel with her (p104); Vain Meg first realises her misconduct through Lauries disapproval in Vanity Fair (p87); shy Beth is shown Laurie as a model of accomplishment without conceit (p67); and selfish Amy is saved from thin ice by his composure, from dull Aunt March by his ability to entertain, and from an unsuitable marriage by his reprimand (p74,180,397). Yet, despite this conformance to the conventional father role, the relationships also prove reciprocal as Laurie is also educated by the March girls:   It is Amy who urges Laurie to wake up and be a man (p384), Jo who manages his relationship with his grandfather (p198-203) and he himself credits them for a part of my education (p429) resulting in newly acquired manly virtues (p395.) This re-education of the male characters to conform with the female model that the women provide, along with Marmees pleas for the equal involvement of fatherhood in family life(p366), is put into increasingly successful practice by each of her sons-in-law. Fetterley describes how when Jo gets final father-figure, her big man or Papa Bhaer..her rebellion is neutralized (p29) and suggests Alcotts compliance with the gendered assumptions of fatherhood, yet once again there are clues that covertly challenge this view. Jo and Friedrich exhibit the most reformation of the traditional family in that Jo chooses the life work for herself and her partner, and provides the setting for their new school (Dalke, p563). She is financially independent and ultimately becomes responsible for educating boys. It is the opportunities provided by the strength and stability of the March matriarchy for reinventing manhood that lead the husbands, sons and fathers of Little Women to be re-educated by the women they love. Love which becomes, by the novels end, not the power play described by Fetterley, but rather an act performed mutually by both mothers and fathers to promote the reformation of a patriarchal society by beginning with the reformation of a single family. Like Little Women, Treasure Island can be read as a Bildungsroman, however in direct contrast it involves a rite of passage of Jim Hawkins predominately autodiegetic (retrospective) narration of his journey to maturity from which, as Stevenson notes, Women were excluded (xxvi) (with the exception of Jims mother and Captain Flint- who notably gets the last word in this masculine novel.) Whilst Little Women is saturated with figures of masculine authority and guidance, Treasure Island subjects its protagonist to little or no direct masculine, patriarchal authority as Jims father is fatally ill and soon dies. Yet, unlike Alcotts explicit portrayal of what the children should and should not be, the men Jim comes to admire are neither wholly good nor bad examples; they each contain traits Jim admires and traits he detests, and Jims achievement of independent mature identity lies in his own negotiation of father figures and rival male groupings, reaffirming the ideology of individualism (L oxley, p63) and, like Little Women, emphasising the authors belief in the need for change. In contrast to Mr March, Jims biological father is immediately portrayed as weak and lacking of authority. Jims lack of respect for this authority is demonstrated when he takes Billy Bones money to stand watch instead of helping his father as he should. Stevensons focalisation through young Jim (Montgomery,2009,p99) of his weak, poor father (p11) whose unhappy death (p10) was attributed to his terror (p10) heightens the sense of disappointment and serves to justify Jims delight in the company  of men as different from his father as he can find. Jims disappointment in the chicken-hearted men (p32) in town is also clear; none of whom offer to help his mother retrieve the money owed to  her (ibid) and it is instead left to a woman and a young boy. Stevensons choice of these weak male authorities suggests a failing  model of masculinity, frail in the threat of adversity. Jims father is unable to contend with the problems caused by the pirate; his son, and wife, however, can. In Jims quest  for self-definition it becomes clear that, from the start, Jim respects Long John Silver and prefers him to all other father-figures offered to him. Among the gentlemen, the Squire is too imperceptive and too gullible to carry sufficient moral authority, and too self-involved to be aware of Jims needs. Captain Smollet, from the start, establishes himself as stern and uncompromising. Only Dr Livesey shows any readiness to respond emotionally to Jim, as Sandison suggests, his confident authority (p55), innate compassion and demonstrable integrity (p56) set him up as an appropriate alternative moral authority (p57) but Stevenson questions this choice as a father-figure through his (pirate-like) mercenary pursuit of profit (Loxley, p75). Silvers clean and well-run inn, his  appearance, demeanour, and the obvious efficiency with which he   runs  his  establishment, clearly  impress  Jim and  immediately  contrasts are drawn  to  his biological fathers inability to run his own inn (ibid.) The connection between the two fathers is quickly established and continues when Silver almost immediately  takes on Jims education at the docks (p72-73,) more than we have been told Jims father ever bestowed upon his son. Stevenson differentiates Silver from other pirates such as Flint and Pew, who died a beggar-man (p106) by emphasising how he has a wife and has his money properly invested. Trelawney introduced him as a man of substance: he has a bankers account which has never been overdrawn (p69.) Silver, too, boasts about his financial success: I laid by nine hundred safe, from England, and two thousand after Flint à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ all safe in bank (p101). Silver has a keen eye for accounts and savings, jus t as those pillars of the community, the doctor and the squire, are eager to get their hands on pirate treasure. At odds with the increasingly industrial and imperial society in which Treasure Island was written, was the earlier notion that the domestic sphere . . . is integral to masculinity'(Tosh,1999,p4). In this romantic adventure-story filled with gentlemen, Stevenson leaves a lasting impression that the most admirable are: a boy of fourteen; whose actions from the start are driven by a wish to protect his mother and home, and a crippled pirate; the only married adult in the book besides Jims father. These characters operate in an absence of conventional nineteenth century acceptable masculinity, yet they affirm qualities ascribed to the gentleman as, first, a husband and a father. Stevensons critique of masculinity in the empire, lies in the depiction of Silver as paternal surrogate father to Jim. It is this non-biological redefinition of the father-son relationship in Treasure Island -which Stevenson wrote with input from his young stepson-that the strength of his argument lies. Stevenson seemingly blames the empire for the erosion of British fathers importance in their childrens lives. His juxtaposition of treasure-seeking pirates and gentlemen as potential fathers for Jim portrays scathing critiques of the types of men created by greed, capitalism, and colonialism, and highlights the need for the individual child to be cautious of false promises for adventure. By the end of the novel, Stevensons view of the British Victorian gentleman emerges as part pirate and part child, but most importantly, like the fathers of Little Women both committed to their roles in the family. Despite the obvious contrasts in technique, context, subject matter and style of fatherhoods depicted in Little Women and Treasure Island, similarities have been highlighted in the authors subversion of nineteenth century patriarchal ideals. Both texts have been shown to implicitly promote domesticity in their key father figures, whilst encouraging reformation of the traditional family model by rewarding individualism and therefore seek(ing) to empower young readers to become active agents of future change (Sambell, Reader 2,p.386.) Word Count 2198

Coming Full Circle in Blue Highways Essay -- Blue Highways

In his traveling diary, Blue Highways, William Least Heat Moon takes a trip to various destinations of unknown worth. His American back roads tour is characterized by the pattern of taking a journey that follows a circle. Least Heat Moon's circular journey is both literal and spiritual. His travels circle the nation, and he gathers history and personality from all corners of America. More importantly, however, Least Heat Moon sets out to fully explore and find himself. He provides the audience with the simple explanation of the circular nature of his journey because "following a circle would give a purpose&emdash;to come around again&emdash;where taking a line would not"(Least Heat Moon 3). Immediately, the reader is faced with William Least Heat Moon's goal to find himself and the wisdom of others. Before his journey began, Least Heat Moon experienced two significant life-changing events. First, the author was abandoned by his wife after being separated for nine months. Then, as a result of declining enrollment, he lost his job teaching English at the Universi...

Discussion topic

I really appreciate the way you listed the steps in selecting random samples. I did not come across any steps or rules to obtain a simple random sample. The lottery Is a form of simple sampling. It does not use any method to select numbers other than the population number set. Consecutive numbers can be drawn or number far apart from each other. I would like to know more about the difference between the type of random sampling used in lottery draws versus the sampling method steps you scribed.The only type of selection process in the text book definition states simple random sampling uses selection of elements from the selection frame (Burns, 2011). References Burns, N.. Grove, S. K. , & Gray. J. (2011). Understanding nursing research: Building an evidence-based practice. Maryland Heights, MO: Elsevier/Saunders. Your post brings up the very important fact that the sample size need to be large enough to represent the target population (Ramsey, 2011).Target population size eyeing too s mall is a common problem with random sampling as you have described with Autism ratios. If there were more states Involved with the CDC Autism survey, the results may differ. The question or research being done may not need a large population as well. Random sampling need to have a large enough size, must represent the target population and must truly be random (Ramsey, 2011 Ramsey, D. J. (2011). Statistics for dummies. Hoboken, N. J: Wiley.Cluster sampling Is a productive way to obtain random sampling of a very large population. National restaurant chains test new menu items In this way. When I lived in Ohio, it was a big test market area. Supposedly the population of Ohio was thought to be representative of Midwestern people. Area restaurants such as McDonald's, Taco Bell, and Domino's introduced new menu items in this area to survey their popularity. I do not know what type of demographic data was used to determine that Ohio residents were representative of the Midwestern populat ion.It was nice to get to try the new menu Items before the rest of the country. The first McDonald's salads and Domino's try at breakfast pizzas were yummy. The Taco Bell French fries didn't make it. This was a good example of being part of a large cluster sampling process without ever knowing it. I think you covered all the different types of sampling very thoroughly. I am not sure the term census Is a type of random sampling. Census Is usually a method of attempting to collect date from an entire population (Ramsey, 2011).

Our Town essays

Our Town essays What is the definition of a small town? Is it where everyone knows your name, like the theme song of Cheers, or is it where everyone cares about each other and knows what's going on in town. Grover's Corner fits the definition of the classic small town back in the early twentieth century. Our Town by Thornton Wilder shows that this small town is very close in manor and growth to Asheville, North Carolina. Grover's Corners as imagined today would have everything in common with Asheville. It would consist of one rather large shopping mall. This is where all the local teenagers spend their free time, even with the lack of money to spend. The fact that some students have ambitions, like Emily, and some really would rather just settle down near their hometown and be a farmer, like George. In truth today Emily with her drive to learn and be at the top of her class would have gotten her a lot farther in life than it did in the play. Emily would have become a surgeon and gone off to school somewhere. She would never be able to leave her hometown, Emily would move back with her husband and settle down and have those babies just like in the play. Grover's Corners, which occupied about 3 thousand people at that time, would be about the same today as Asheville as the growth rate is very similar. Asheville is at about 60,000 residents now within the city limits with many more outside in the suburbs. The city is not big enough to be called a big city with urban problems and industrial centers but is big enough to where people notice it. Life here is simple in that we don't have all of the violence and trouble of big cities. Grover's Corners was a place where you didn't have to lock your door at night. There was no evidence of crime and if there was it would be dealt with swiftly, and with a great cause of concern of the neighborhood. Grover's Corners would eventually come to be l ...

Other things essays

Other things essays Walking down the hall I get a sense of disbelief. Is this really me and am I really here or is it a dream. I just transferred to a new school. Though it does not sound that bad, in actually reality it has been a total turn around. My old high school (Hancock High) was a small, all white, and in the county. Though the school (Patterson) I just entered is densely populated, majority black, and right in the middle of Baltimore city. Though both types of schools (county and city) are largely different they both have many advantages and disadvantages. An advantage of going to a city school is that you get a college feel. There are so many students and teachers that you get a head start on college. Also there is diversity at a city school. You get to meet all kinds of people and learn about their customs and beliefs. Another advantage of going to a city school is that you get to express your opinions more freely. Though there are going to be people who think different, there is always going to be someone on your side. Many of city schools advantages involve a person growing spiritual and mentally. Though at a county school kids are most likely to be smarter and be more prepared book wise. Also there is less violence than in a city school, so you feel a sense of security. Though I could go on and on about each type of school, I would rather not. In most cases a school has more disadvantages than advantages. The perfect school would be made up of ones ideas and would simply be all fun and less work. But a school does have its cons. Such as at a city school there is a lot of crime. Also the peer pressure is so hard to handle which is why most kids fall into the trap. I am not saying that county schools are perfect, but most county kids no when to say no and when it is enough. Going to a county school you get sheltered on some common and important aspects of life. Such as poverty, racial issues and crime which a...

Choose a good topic for me Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Choose a good topic for me - Essay Example Graph 2 compares the oil taxes and revenues gained from oil sale from the period of 2009 to 2013. In the period revenues gained from oil sale was an average of $966 billion yearly while average taxation was $1,082 billion every year. Moreover, the revenue received has to cater for oil transportation, exploration and transportation therefore; they can end up making losses under low oil prices. Graph 3 compares the annual taxes earned from each barrel of oil and taxes earned per each barrel in the same period. It is clear that an average oil export revenues for each barrel is $95 while the average taxes per barrel is $116. Thus, taxes impose a great burden on the consumer oil products prices. The country graph illustrates each country breakdown of each barrel of oil in the oil producing countries relative to their taxes. From the results, it is very evident that the greatest beneficiaries are the governments through taxation and if oil products were not heavily taxed, they would cost the consumer just a fraction of their prices. OPEC. (September, 2014). Who get what from imported oil? OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin. Retrieved from

Describe, compare and contrast the ethical systems of Hinduism and Essay

Describe, compare and contrast the ethical systems of Hinduism and Confucianism - Essay Example This core belief presupposes a journey of transcendence, of transformation, that ultimately brings the soul to spiritual perfection, or moksha. The idea of the reincarnated soul is intrinsic to Hinduism, which teaches that the atman at long last merges with the great universal soul, or Brahman. Confucianism espouses a more humanistic, temporal view that emphasizes the improvement of human nature through teaching and personal experience. Confucianism is not a Deist religion in the same sense as Hinduism. It is sometimes considered more of a philosophy than a pure religion in the sense that it doesn’t emphasize care of the soul. However, its 6 million adherents have come to regard Confucius as a divine source of wisdom who achieved a form of ideal perfection in his life. Confucianism is a fairly elastic term for a belief system that has been present in China â€Å"from time immemorial† (Sarkar, 1916). In â€Å"Chinese Religion Through Asian Eyes,† Sarkar writes that a man named Confucius was the librarian at Lu and is thought to have compiled, or edited, a classic text in which the ancient Chinese â€Å"Cult of the World Forces† found expression (Ibid). Therefore, Sarkar writes that Confucianism, as it is now known, had actually pervaded China long before Confucius was born. It has since the 5th century A.D. become more like Hinduism in that Confucius himself has been worshipped as a god since that time (Ibid). Confucianism may, in practice, be an intricate system of moral, philosophical and social thought but it has long held the status of a religion in China as Hinduism has for hundreds of millions in India and throughout Southeast Asia. For many, the comparison between the two begins and ends there. Hinduism is, after all, a polytheistic religion with thousands of deities in which reincarnation plays a prominent role. Salvation only comes after the soul is at long last freed from the cycle of birth and death. For adherents of

Global Local Debates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Global Local Debates - Essay Example There are many factors that contribute to the choice of design, these should, in critical regionalism, include the regional aspect and identity as well as the standard views of light, space and materials. In Los Angeles, supermodernisation has occurred as both an altercation of the cultural differences that occur in the area from the impact of globalising forces, where design is subdued by political forces, commercialisation, and economisation of the region. To this, some believe that the critical regionalism is a construct of postmodern design that furthers the aspect of cultural growth, while others believe that the supermodernisation has inhibited the process of regional identification. In Latin America, the hybridisation of global forces into the definitive region has altered the architecture to become less dignified as an inherently cultural aspect, but more so as a liquefied representation of the homogeneity that has occurred. The concept of critical regionalism is at once tempting and cautionary, where in supermodernisation there is the removal of special regional identity, but use of regional imagery serves to protect the cultural values, however, as seen in the hybridisation of Latin America, this can also serve to dissolve the identification of a culture. Both arguments are presented from the sociological viewpoint of architectural design in the following presentation. There is a thought in homogenisation as a classic humanity issue to retain identity in the face of globalisation, although it is important to note that globalisation and homogenisation are not the same, globalisation is more an apex of the latter, and homogenisation is the accumulation. The transmission of culture has the concern of maintaining inherent dynamics, especially in small pockets of communities, as global realities reproduce and intermix with

Dog Training Essay Example for Free

Dog Training Essay Information to be output The output of the information will contain, the veterinary surgerys name, address and phone number and the surgery opening times on the back page. The opening times will make clear that the weekend surgeries are only for urgent cases. This leaflet will also give out the hours of emergency information. The title and a hamster picture will be on the front page. The information and another hamster picture will be on the inside pages. Data needed to produce the output The input needed to produce the leaflet will be a picture of a hamster; this will be a file on disk, on the inside pages there will be text on: Handling your hamster, cages, feeding your hamster, drinking bottle and common illness and health problems. These illnesses will include; diarrhoea and constipation. It will also include wet tails, colds, exercise and holidays. I will get this information from pages 23-24 of the booklet. On the front page there will be the title (Hamster care leaflet) and a picture of a hamster. On the back page there will be the veterinary surgerys name (Park view Veterinary surgery), the address (27 Park view, Lancre, LA6 9EJ), the phone number (01760 780003), the surgery opening times (Mon-Fri 9am-11: 30am, 4pm-7pm in the afternoons) and the urgent opening hours (10am-11am in the weekends). Desired outcomes and performance criteria The quality of the solution has to give an excellent impression of the veterinary and be easy to read so that people coming to the veterinary will be able to understand it and be able to find the information quickly in urgent circumstances. The style and layout of the output will be as follows: On the front page there will be a hamster picture and the title. In the middle pages there will be the information and another hamster picture, the sub headings in the middle pages must stand out so that the reader can find a certain type of information quickly. On the back page there will be; the veterinary surgerys name, address and phone number. It must also include the surgerys opening times and make it clear that weekend surgeries are only for urgent cases. Testing No testing needed beyond checking the leaflet meets the performance criteria. Dog Training A system will be made to calculate the price of dog training courses for each dog owner depending on how many dogs are to be trained. For example, walking to heel and not pulling on the lead. Format of the output The output will be in the form of a spreadsheet. This will be an interactive screen display, no printing is asked, but it can be if required. There will be columns for the number of dogs on the course, where the course is held, price of course per customer and amount paid to the trainer. Information to be output The information to be output will contain, the dog collars, the rewards, the location to train the dogs (the barn, the hall or the sports club). It will contain how many dogs are on each course, the price that each customer has to pay for each course and how much to pay the trainers and the cleaners. Data needed to produce the output The data needed to produce the output will be: the number of dogs (less than 15) on the course and where the course is held. These variables will determine how much each customer will have to pay (less than   50) and how much the trainer will get paid (basic rate 20 + i 1. 10 for each dog). The fixed amounts are: The price of the dog collars (i 1. 15), the price of the rewards (i 1. 30), the cleaners (i 6 per session). The rent costs are (rent x no. of sessions). I can find all this information from pages 8,9 and 26 of the booklet. Desired outcomes and performance criteria The quality of the solution and the style and layout of the output has to give a very clear, easy to read and easy to modify spreadsheet. The maximum number of dogs must be 15 and it must also be colourful. I must have the cost of the dog collars, the rewards, the cleaners and the location that the course will take place.

Cattells Big Five Factors Essay -- science

Cattell's Big Five Factors Cattell’s Big Five Factors of Personality, Behavioral Genetics, and Evolutionary Personality Theory. Current Research Raymond Cattell (1905-present) designed the â€Å"Big five Factors of Personality†, in which five classifications are revealed. Big Five factors: #1 extraversion vs. introversion, #2 agreeableness vs. antagonism, #3 conscientiousness vs. undirected ness, #4 neuroticism vs. emotional stability, and #5 openness to experience vs. not open to experience. Han’s Eysenck’s and Sir Francis Galton behavior genetics research and Arnold Buss’ three concerns for evolutionary personality theory coinsided with each other. The Big five represents a catalog of traits that some personality psychologists suggest capture the essence of individual differences in personality. Raymond Cattell used Allport and Odbert’s 4500 trait-descriptives in which he extracted 35 traits. After others continued to analyze these factors and found congruence with the ratings, that eventually became the Big five Factors of Personality. In order to fully understand the origin of these factors an outline for factor analysis must be explained. Factor analysis studies where conducted and the results where used in an analysis technique generally done with computers to determine meaningful relationships and patterns in behavioral data. Beginning with a large number of behavioral variables, the computer finds relationships or natural connections where variables are maximally correlated with one another and minimally correlated with other variables, and then it groups the data accordingly. After this process has been repeated many times a pattern of relationships or certain factors that capture the essence of all the data appears (Pervin & John 1999). The same process used to determine the Big Five Personality factors; copious amounts of different researchers that have done numerous tests and they all agree that the â€Å"Big five Factors† are the only consistently reliable factors that have been found. Big Five factors include: #1 extraversion vs. introversion, #2 agreeableness vs. antagonism, #3 conscientiousness vs. undirected ness, #4 neuroticism vs. emotional stability, and #5 openness to experience vs. not open to experience, these breakdown into understandable terms. #1 Extraversion implies an energetic approach to the social and material wo... ...between human nature and individual characteristics? He also acknowledged three criteria from evolutionary biology for determining a characteristic as a part of human nature. These are: it must be universal. Must be â€Å"innate, unconditioned, and relatively difficult to modify† (p.1139). And lastly it must have an adaptive function (Lindsey and Campbell p. 352,1998). In conclusion, all of these theories have laid the groundwork for mapping complex human behavior. It is still unclear when and how much of our personalities/traits come from genetics and how much is influenced by outside factors. Many believe you must learn of your past in order to succeed in the future, but understanding how we became what we are today is of equal importance. With the advances in technology, DNA/Genetics who knows what answers the future will hold for us. References Hall, C., Lindzey, G., Campbell, J. (1998). Theories of Personality (4th ed.) (pp.343-356) John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Pervin, L. & John, O. (Eds) (1999). Handbook of Personality: theory and research. New York: Gilford. Potkay, C. & Allen, B (1986). Personality: Theory, research, and applications. California: Brooks/Cole.

Grameen Phone Selection Process

24 May 2008 MR. Amlan J. Haque Senior Lecturer School Of Business Independent University, Bangladesh Subject: Submission of the report on â€Å"Recruitment and Selection Procedure of GP. Dear Sir, We have the immense pleasure to submit our report on â€Å"Recruitment and Selection Procedure of GP† for your kind consideration. While making this report we came across many hurdles and pleasant experiences. But the valuable experiences we have gained during the period will undoubtedly benefit us in the real work field. Despite the several constraints, we gave our all efforts to make this report a meaningful one and in this way we express our deep gratitude as you kindly have given us the scope and assigned the task. We have tried heart and soul to make this case analysis perfect but for time limitation and other difficulties we may be some mistakes. We hope that you will ignore our faults and consider our lacks while judging the report. We enjoy this study and gladly attend any suggestion of you to clarify on any point, if necessary. At last, thanking you very much for assigning us such a pragmatic and interesting topic for preparing the report. Sincerely yours, Md. Khaleque Faisal Emon ID: On behalf of Group: All praises to be ALLAH and peace is on his prophet Mohammed (sm) We are higly indebted to those who helped us to prepare the report. We are alsoindebted to our course teacher MR. Amlan J. Haque for giving us this topic to make the report. Then we would like to express our sincere thanks to some of our friends for their help & we are grateful to those participants whose participation made possible to accomplish our report. we would like to thank IUB computer lab and library for their support that helped us to complete this work successfully. At last i wish to express my earnest gratitude to all of my course mates. Executive summery Recruitment and selection are one of the most important concerns for every organization. Recruitment process starts from the advertisement until the receipt of CV. As soon as the CV is dropped the recruitment process ends and the selection process begins. Strategic planning for recruitment and selection indicates the past trends and future forecast of organization. Grameen phone is the largest telecommunication company in Bangladesh, which holds nearly fifty percent share ofthis industry. Grameen Phone is gradually expanding its business to the edge of the country and holds a substantial share. Introduction & Background of The Study: Report is a compulsory requirement for everybody pursuing an BBA degree at the Independent University. We studied a lot of things about GrameenPhone and collected documents in various prospect in this regard. When we were continuing our study, we came to know a lot of things about GrameenPhone because this study attempts to produce a constructive report on recruitment and selection procedure of GrameenPhone. Ressons For Choosing GP: Reports play a vital role in the field of communication both in the educational orientation and in practical life. So from this side, it must be better in choosing or selecting the entire organization. Because a well-established organization or company can provide the best materials or documents to prepare a report easily which is very important in BBA. GP is a high ambitious and well-reputed company in Bangladesh currently used by over 1. 3 billion people in some 250 countries. GrameenPhone believes in service, a service that leads to good business and good development. Scope of the Study: The report covers the procedure of the recruitment and selection and emphasizes the human resource management on some position. The total industry and investment situation of the country is not observed in the report so this report does not actually compare the position of the mobile companies in the context of the total business situation of the country. Objectives of the Study: Broad Objective The broad objective of this study is to present the GrameenPhone’s entry-level function and practices in the overall industries in Bangladesh. Specific Objectives The specific objectives were as follows: Finding out the current process of GrameenPhone’s Recruitment and Selection. * Present factors to be considers in Selection Procedure. * Problems and prospects of Selection Procedure. And — * Categories of people/candidates who are mainly recruited. Methodology of the Study: Two different methodologies had to be designed to complete the parts: * Information regarding the overall procedure of Recruitment and Selection was gathered from the Internet and different literature survey. * To get a closer look at what different operators are providing it was necessary to collect different literatures published by the companies. Another source of information was interviews with different professionals of GP organizations. Limitations of the Study: * The information that we used to conduct our survey was mostly from secondary studies. So, it was not a perfectly representative sample. * The major limitation of the report is that it took a very short period of time in preparing this report fully. So ultimately there must be some lacking in its premises. * Moreover, it was not possible to get all required internal information of the company as these are treated as confidential company information. Vision of Grameen Phone: To become the largest telecommunication company in the world and reach the hands of every people around the world. Mission of Grameen Phone: To serve the customer with better quality and retaining existing customers. A Brief Profile of Cell Phone Sector in Bangladesh Introduction of Cellular Technology: Mobile technology introduced in St. Louis, Mississippi in 1946. From the beginning, mobile technology was very costly and was very rare and the service was limited to a single call and was not satisfied enough. After 1950 period, the cost of the technology become lower and coverage become wider. USA innovated an AMPS system in 1979, which was not very power full and that, was an analogue system. There were two types of analogue mobile phone system namely NMT & TACS were introduced respectively in North Europe and in UK in 1981. But with the pace of timeall these three analogue systems became unable to fulfill the demand. As a result, after more than one decade of analogue system digital system in mobile phone was introduced in 1992. The name of this technology is Global System for Mobile communications (GSM). More than 2o million subscribers in almost 130 countries worldwide use GSM technology. CDMA is another digital technology in mobile telecommunications. This GSM system can be said as the digital cellular system, which is fully featured with services like Basic Telephony, Data and Value Added services (VAS). The existing GSM technologies are GSM 900, GSM 1800 and GSM 1900. Cellular Operation in Bangladesh: Bangladesh is one of the least developing countries in the world. It is also reflected in her telecommunication sector. Telecommunication is one of the important parameter to measure a country’s development. In 1988 the telephone density of Bangladesh was only 21 connections per 100 people. The main reason behind this poor performance is incapability of Bangladesh Telegraph and Telegraph Board (BTTB) to provide connection. Moreover their service quality was very poor. Against this background, Government of Bangladesh (GOB) took a reform program for the sector. The objectives of this reform program were to expand access to telecommunication services all over the country, improve service quality, satisfy all demand for telecommunication and promote efficient operation. The main strategy to achieve these objectives was to introduce private investment and operation in this sector. Ultimately in 1989, GOB issued license to private operator for provision of cellular, paging and radio trucking with exclusivity for five years services. In this five year contract was extended to thirty years. Ultimately, the evolution of cellular technology is duly justified. In 1989, a 20-year license with a five-year exclusivity was issued to a privatecompany, Bangladesh Telecom Limited (BPTL), for the provision of nationwide cellular telephone services. This license was cancelled and subsequently, Hutchison Bangladesh Telecom Ltd. (HBTL) was awarded the license, which commenced operation in 1991. HBTL offered a mobile phone to all the Bangladeshi citizens in Dhakawithin a periphery of 26 miles at a charge of Tk. 1. 25 lac and call charge of Tk. 10 (per minute) for in coming calls and the same for outgoing. Response from the consumers was impressive and remained so all through the monarch. HBTL gradually transformed to PBTL and simultaneously developed customer service quality by improving technical infrastructure. However, one of the serious discontinuance from the customers is that, ever-continuing price reduction creates a feeling of deprivation among the older users. World Telecommunication Industry: The corporate strategies and government policies in the international telecommunications sectors of the United States, the European Union, and Japan is very important to understand the present situation in the world telecom industry. Countries experience different rates of growth in telecommunications revenue in theirdomestic markets. An analysis revealed that the timing of the opening of domestic markets to competition made no difference in the rate of growth. Instead, thelevel of development and rate of overall economic growth were the determining factors. Trends of the international telecommunications industry are evaluated with strategic options for globalization for smaller countries and carriers. Between 1985 and 1995 telecommunications revenues for Japan and United States have generally grown at rates faster than new line activation or increasing call volume. Tariffs have been restructured, the mix of calls—local, long distance (trunk), and international—has changed, and leased-line and mobile services have grownrelative to traditional switched, wire-line telephony. Two major trends characterize the international telecommunications industry: Rapid technological advances, and The growing realization that liberalizing telecommunications industries is key to overall industry growth. These two trends hasten the liberalization of telecommunications markets around the world. The role of national governments is changing from that of a direct player to that of policy maker and regulator. The nature of international telecommunications trade is evolving from a bilateral, nation-to-nation framework to a multinational, multilateral company-to-company paradigm. Major international telecommunications alliances have taken many forms with the potential to dominate segments of international. Nevertheless, demand will increase for smaller firms able to provide local presence and technological expertise. There are various strategic options available to smaller countries and carriers. These strategies range from domestic to regional to international: * Lead the domestic market in phased liberalization * Seek opportunities to integrate vertically * Promote regional opportunities * Capture a major share of a regional market Expand enhanced services internationally. Recruitment and Selection of Grameen Phone Introduction: Human Resource Management is a strategic approach of processing or recruiting, developing, maintaining and utilizing the human resources of an organization. If a firm’s competitiveness depends on its employees, then the business function responsible for acquiring, training, appraising and compensating those employees who has to play a bigger roll in the firm’s success. As part of an organization, Human Resource Management must be prepared to deal with the effects of the changing world of work. For them, this means understanding the implications of globalization, technology changes, work-force diversity, changing skill requirements, continuous improvement initiatives, the contingent work force, decentralized work sites, and employee involvement. Factors to be considered in Selection Porcedure: Before going to the selection procedure, Grameen Phone should adopt some factors that are considered in selection process. These factors are: 1. Resignation and terminations. 2. Quality assurance and nature of Employee. 3. Technological and administrative changes of the Employee. 4. Financial availability of the candidates. 5. Trend analysis 6. Using computer and forecasting personnel requirements. This should be done by the Human Resource Manager of GrameenPhone when forecasting personnel needs. Finally the selected candidates are estimated the volume of output. Recruitment and Selection Process: GrameenPhone tries to discover industrious and innovative people ready to embark on a challenging career. During search for talent, GrameenPhone carry out a number of activities such as: †¢ Online Database. †¢ Advertisement in daily newspapers. †¢ Accept hard-copy submission of CVs in Human Resource Division. Occasionally from Job Fairs. Recruitment Procedure: GrameenPhone follow comprehensive and extensive selection procedures in search for the most ideal and competent professionals. The testing methods are effectively designed in order to accurately evaluate the required competence and skill for particular jobs. GP procedures for recruitment involve th e following steps: Recruitment & Selection Process: HR needs and Requisition: Department will inform the HR of any vacant position so that HR can co-ordinate / notify the other offices of the vacant position. Whenever needed, the head of HR will review the available records and database if there is any qualified and suitable candidate available from GrameenPhone’s internal sources or prospective external candidates already identified earlier. In special circumstances and to make a quick decision the head of HR may propose any suitable staff within the GrameenPhone for the position to the respective Unit/Department Head and/or project. Job Description: Recruitment process ideally begins with the analysis of job description and person specification for that job. A job description and analysis of person specification provide the foundation for stipulating the job title and salary scale of the position. Person specification defines the education, training and experience required by the jobholder. The person specification is vital because the key part of the person specification, established at the beginning, is used in structured selection interview. Job description is the basis of GrameenPhone’s recruitment, selection and placement, training, performance appraisal, salary administration, promotion and other personnel actions for its employees. The appointing authority and the line manager shall ensure that each employee has an appropriate and updated job description stating clearly the context, purpose, organogram, duties and responsibilities of the employees and person specification. Job description will be prepared and provided to the employee when he/she is appointed, promoted, newly assigned or when deemed necessary. Recruitment Sources: An effective recruitment always starts with the correct selection of sources of human resources. A recruited employee who has not the right skill cannot perform effectively. As a result the overall performance level is sure to deteriorate which has significant effect on the company performance. Therefore, GrameenPhone has been on continuous search of effective recruitment sources. Internal Sources: It is GrameenPhone’s policy to give preference to appoint internal candidates, provided that the employee is suitably qualified for the vacant or new position and also meets the existing and future requirements. Appointments may be made by the way of promotion, up gradation or transfer with the approval of the authority. As a usual procedure, job vacancies in GrameenPhone will be advertised through internal notices to the concerned offices. External Sources: Whenever job vacancies are required to be circulated outside, the main objective will be to attract a pool of candidates to apply from which qualified candidates for job vacancies can be chosen. Here are a number of external sources that is used by the company: * Newspaper Advertisement: Vacancy announced is circulated by publishing advertisement in the national dailies. The newspapers that are widely circulated are chosen for publishing advertisement. Employee Referrals: Employees of the company may refer prospective job seekers to HR department. There are professional and technical jobs, which are frequently harder to fill. Employees with hard-to-find job skills may know others who might meet the desired job requirements and do the same work. In such case, employee referral method may be useful. * Walk-ins and Write-ins: Often job seekers arriv e at HR department in search of a job. They are walk-in people. Write-ins are those who send their curriculum resume for suitable position. Both groups may be asked to fill up an application blank. Their relevant information may be kept in active database file for any suitable position in future. * Web site: Modern information technology such as web site is also used for advertising job vacancy of different positions. * Other: Depending on circumstances, other professional / employment agencies, technical institutes and journals may be chosen to give wider coverage of job openings. The role of HR personnel is very important in dealing with external job seekers because the outsider individuals draw an impression about the company on the manner their candidature has been dealt with. Application Receiving: HR department collects job applications against each vacancy announcement. There should have a minimum time period for application receiving. The period shouldnormally be around 10 days. All applications are sequentially numbered in HR. applications are not acceptedthat are received after the deadline. Under special circumstances, applicationsafter deadline may be accepted provided the concerned Manager gives written authorization. It is GrameenPhone’s policy to attract as many applicants to apply, provided thatthey meet the pre-requisites of the job. However, those who have been regretted within last six months period are not allowed to apply for whatsoever position in GrameenPhone and within one year, a candidate can not appear for more than two tests / interviews. Short Listing: Short listing is done on the basis of appraising information on the application form in the light of job specification of a position. The job criteria are critically reviewed during short listing. The short-listing method is qualitative one where managerial judgment plays important role. Before short listing of candidates for tests, job criteria are set by HR and line manager. There are general and technical job criteria that a candidate has to meet for consideration of next step of selection. HR determines general criteria while line manager determines technical criteria. Both the types of the criteria are important; however, it is the nature of job that determines which type of criteria should give more priority. Evaluating the followings does short listing: Educational Qualification: Whether the candidates have the required educational qualification, Relevant job experience and required skills: How far the candidate’s most recent job experiences and skills match the job requirements of the position. The candidate may have the irrelevant job experiences and skills that is not considered during short listing. GrameenPhone follows a standard set rule of short listing of candidates. For one position the number of candidates for written test should not be more than 8. The number of candidates in the oral test should not be more than 4-5. Administering tests and interview After short listing of prospective candidates, appropriate employment tests such as written tests, oral tests or any other tests as deemed fit are arranged to assess candidates’ suitability for the position. Through the test selected psychological factors such as intelligence, aptitude, temperament and attitude of the candidates are measured / observed. The main focuses of employment tests are on Job related questions to assess in-depth knowledge of the candidates Assessment of mental ability, reasoning, memory etc. * Assessment of potentiality and ability to learn. * Proficiency in performing tasks. * Assessment in line with job analysis. The selection is made on the basis of successive hurdle approach. The candidates are rejected following each of the stage or test being administered. HR drafts the written and oral test questionnaires. A set of questions of technical nature is drafted by line mangers and sent to HR. Few questionnaires from that list is included in the test by HR as random basis. While finalizing test question, HR considered the job requirements of the position and maintains relevance, consistency and standard on the pattern of questions. The type of question depends on the nature of the position. Usually a combination of multiple and narrative type of questions is set in the written test. HR exclusively checks all multiple type and non- technical narrative type of answers, while the line manager checks the narrative type of technical part. HR does the compilation of score in written test. It is the responsibility of HR to select and call candidates for subsequent tests based on the performance of written test. The minimum qualifying score in the written test is 45%. Candidates who have qualified in the written test are invited for the next selection test. Company Presentation: The candidates who have appeared for written test are briefed about GrameenPhone just before the test. HR organizes a half an hour presentation on the following topics: * The Company profile. * The present considerations, goals and targets of GrameenPhone. * The growth of GrameenPhone in the present market. * The brief job description of the position. * Type of the written test and evaluation of the result. Interview Steps: Selection interview is an in-depth discussion between interviewer and interviewee. An interview Board/Selection Committee is formed comprising of the following personnel: Line Manager Unit/Departmental Head Head of HRD HR processes all recruitment, however, for some senior management level position, outside recruitment may be permissible. Executive Search/ Professional Consulting Firms may be contacted by HR for this purpose. The interview board members ask questions that are relevant to the performancesof the job including questions regarding required skills. The type of questionsmay be mixed of open-ended, behavior-oriented; competency based and stresses type questions. The nature of questions varies according to the level of position. The interview board members rank all candidates and recommend candidates best suited for them. The basis of preliminary selection is marks obtained in oral tests and their judgment about the candidates fit for the position. The minimum acceptable score in the oral test is 4 in the 1-8 rating scale. The recommendation to be made does not necessarily be in favor of the top ranked candidate because the board member may be convinced in evaluating overall performance and background of the another close candidate. A consensual recommendation is made and forwarded to HR along with all papers for next course of action. The board members signed the Employment Approval Form. Medical Examination: In GrameenPhone, the job offer is contingent on passing medical examination conducted by the Company nominated diagnostic center. The medical examination is conducted once preliminary decision for recruitment is made but the employment offer has not yet given. The purpose for a medical examination is to obtain information on the health status of the applicant being considered for employment and to determine whether the applicant is physically and mentally capable of performing the job. The cost of medical examination is borne by the company. Information and Reference Check: Once a preliminary selection decision is made, HR verify certain information as provided in the job application such as educational degree, work experience, last employment status. The purpose of reference check is to obtain factual information confidentially about a prospective employee and seeking opinions from professional referees and previous employer about his/her suitability for the job. Final Selection and Appointment Offer: Based on positive report on health status from the medical center, and positive reference check, the candidate is selected for appointment. At this stage, the selected candidate is offered employment with GrameenPhone. The appointment authority of GrameenPhone issues an appointment letter to the selected candidates. The appointment letter includes: 1. Job title, Grade/Step and Salary 2. Nature of appointment 3. Place of posting 4. Name of section or department 5. Effective date of appointment 6. Probationary period, conditions of confirmation and notice period 7. Ending date of employment (applicable for contract employee) 8. GrameenPhone standard terms and conditions A current job description is also attached with the appointment letter. The appointment letter and job description will become valid only after signing by the Director HR and the employee, in the space provided for the purpose. Weaknesses of Selection Process: GrameenPhone faced some problems of selection process while maintaining its recruitment procedure. Although there is no process without lacking, GrameenPhone covers the weaknesses with soft-touch-smile. The weaknesses that the GrameenPhone faced are as follows: 1. Requirement not matched. 2. Double or triple CVs dropped by the candidates for getting opportunity cost. . Given wrong information. 4. Unreachable Mobile or Phone numbers. 5. Age factor. 6. Already working. 7. Salary range. 8. Confusion about contract position. 9. Reference problem. 10. Office proficiency. These are the problems that GrameenPhone faced in selection procedure. Sometimes it creates a serious problem in the way of selection but for the provision of the office proficiency, it must be overcome by the authority. Major Reasons o f Recruitment: Recruiting efforts are more successful when the recruiters themselves are carefully chosen and trained. Some employers use a recruiting yield pyramid to calculate the number of applicants they most generate to hire the required number of new employees. The following figure shows it. 50 New hires 100 Offers made (2:1) 150 Candidates interviewed (3:2) 200 Candidates invited (4:3) 1200 Leads generated (6:1) The recruiting and selecting process can best be envisioned as a series of hurdles, specifically, recruiting and selecting require: 1. Doing employment planning and forecasting to determine the duties of thepositions to be filled. 2. Building a pool of candidates for the job. 3. Having the applicants fill out application forms and perhaps undergo aninitial screening interview. 4. Utilizing various selection techniques such as tests, background investigations, and identify viable job candidates. 5. Sending to the supervisor responsible for the job. 6. Having the candidate(s) go through one or more selection interviews withthe supervisor and other relevant parties for the purpose of finally determining to which candidates(s) an offer should be made. During the process of recruitment and selection, GrameenPhone always prefer thebest categories of candidates to its finalized procedure. For this, the production of services of GrameenPhone is best. The best categories’ people and the highest educated candidates of students are engaged to GrameenPhone whose main aim is to give the country best services. People of different disciplines and activities are getting engaged with GP. Normally GrameenPhone recruit the experienced personnel to its senior level positions. In spite of that, the people who have minimum experience of 1-2 years are also getting employment in this company. Another types of people are currently getting employment opportunities in different units of GrameenPhone. They are the students of different Public and Private Universities. The work on the hourly basis and get a remuneration of Tk. 16,000 to 18,000. In the near future, GrameenPhone works with full swing by taking the hands of largest educated personnel’s so that it can make a contribution in the country’s mind and side by side to the heart of the rural and urban people. Summary: Recruitment and selection a vital role-played by the Human Resource Division of GrameenPhone. During its recruitment and selection procedure primary screening are taken through an advertisement. Then the HR division collects the CVs from the pool of candidates and makes sorting on the basis of education, experiences and out looking appearance. After the preliminary steps, they call for set in the exam that is called Employment Test. After getting the satisfactory marks, they are again call for interview where they are introduce with their job categories and expected salaries. When the HR getting the confirmation from the candidates, they send them for the medical examination and then hiring decision. After the placement, the role of HR is ended. But this is not the end; it is the beginning of the process. There are some weaknesses of HR through its recruitment and selection procedure. But GrameenPhone’s HR handles it with dedication. Findings and Analysis By analyzing the procedure of Grameen phone’s recruitment and selection procedure we can see that the HR division first collects the CVs from the pool of candidates and makes sorting on the basis of education, experiences and out looking appearance. After the preliminary steps, they call for set in the exam that is called Employment Test. After getting the satisfactory marks, they are again call for interview where they are introduce with their job categories and expected salaries. When the HR getting the confirmation from the candidates, they send them for the medical examination and then hiring decision. After the placement, the role of HR is ended. But this is not the end; it is the beginning of the process. There are some weaknesses of HR through its recruitment and selection procedure. But GrameenPhone’s HR handles it with dedication. Grameen phone is recruiting the best quality employees in the world. Conclusion and Recommendation An intense competitiveness has hit the very prospective and fast growing telecommunication sector in Bangladesh, specially the mobile telecom sector. And the credit goes to GrameenPhone, the eight years old private operator with new view of business solution and some other government-backed operators who have come to the market bringing down the cost to afford mobile communication. As an electric communication media, telecommunication industry makes people’s life more smooth, fast and enjoyable. But it seems few operators in the country are capable of meeting the growing demand of the city dweller’s need for communication. The market of mobile telephony still has great areas of unmet demand which if addressed properly could delight the consumers. GrameenPhone is a profit oriented mobile company seems together the highest energetic personnel who can serve better for the customer as well as human resource. Human Resource Management must be prepared to deal with the effects of the changing world of work. For them, this means understanding the implications of globalization, technology changes, work-force diversity, changing skill requirements, continuous improvement initiatives, the contingent work force, decentralized work sites, and employee involvement. This approach applies to GrameenPhone’s humanresources. Grameen Phone is a service company, one of it’s major objective is to ensure quality service to the customers, Generally Smart Loyalty agrees that in order to grow in business it is important to know which customers at all stages of commitment are thinking about the company, the products, services and competition. Furthermore, cellular service is a growing business in Bangladesh, competition is also increasing. Therefore, it is very important to retain and maintain exiting relationships with the subscribers. For this reason Human Resource Management of GrameenPhone plays and important role through its procedure of Recruitment and Selection because without recruit and select the most qualified employees, it cannot service better. A right person in the right place can do something better than the others. So the functions of Human Resource Division of GrameenPhone perform better. When a candidate appears in the recruitment and selection process, he/she may face several numbers of stares which is enough for his/her performance evaluation. From this, an evaluator can identify which categories of employee he/she is. After that he/she can be placed in the different unit under his/her ability or skills of works. In this way an employee can give the nation a better service according to their needs and earn profit to the attested company. That is doing GrameenPhone. Now-a-days, GrameenPhone’s Human Resource Division tries to follow the Multinational Human Resource Management strategies to adopt the international market, policy and prospects. Above all telecommunication industry is inevitably ministering our mobility, enhancing intensification of businesses, information systems, utilizing resources, pressing forward our economy & escalating social sensitivity One of the strongest sides of GrameenPhone is its customer’s satisfaction, human resource development and performance in the country and outside the country. An organization without comments is like a ship without a rudder. So I arrange the recommendation part under the following ways: – 1. GP should earn flexibility to be able to reduce the bill, if necessary. But currently they should reduce the billing rate as others are offering lower than them. 2. Capacity of the helpline should be increased in the pick hours. 3. Different programs should be taken to educate the subscribers regarding different essential features of mobile phone. 4. For the purpose of raising subscribers in the urban area, different levels of local employees should be increased. . GrameenPhone should take extensive program to build a positive image among their users. So for that reason experienced persons should be hired or made by them with functional selection process. 6. GrameenPhone should offer some special packages in the first week of every month so that it can get every customer and every customer must attach with products. 7. Human capitals should be u sed in a particular sector without misused. Because Today’s Human Resources is related to that’s Human Capitals, which earns revenue. 8. Unfair touch of internal pressure towards Human Resources should be stopped right now for the betterment and long ability of the company. 9. GrameenPhone must initiate the availability of employees as well as employment. References 1. GrameenPhone Limited (2004-2005), News Letter. 2. GrameenPhone Limited, Image Guide Book & Intranet. 3. V. A. Zeithmal and Mary Jo Bitner, Service Marketing, International Edit ion (1996), The MacGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. , New York. 4. T. A. J. Nicholson, Measuring Consumer Service and Managing Delivery. 5. James Brian Quinn, Jordan J. Baruch and Penny Cushman Paquette, Technolo gy in Services, Scientific American (December 1987). 6. Earl Naumann and Kathleen Giel, Customer Satisfaction Measurement and Ma nagement. (1978) 7. Web Site: www. grameenphone. com 8. Grameen Phone Ltd. , Annual Report 2002-05. 9. GrameenPhone Ltd. , Human Resource Division-July-2005, Divisional Annual report. 10. GrameenPhone Ltd, Customer Management Division-July-2005, Divisional Ann ual Report. William P. Anthony, Pamela L. Perrewe, K. Michele Kacmar,(Florida State Universi ty,1993), A Strategic Approach, 3rd Ed. , Human Resource Management, pp. 233-290.